Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||||||||||
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Plosive | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʔ | |||||||||
Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||||||||||||
Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | |||||||||||||||||||
Tap or Flap | ⱱ | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||||||||||||||
Fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
Lateral fricative | ɬ | ɮ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | ɫ |
Ejectives | ʼ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiced implosives | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ɠ | ʛ |
Clicks | ʘ | ǀ | ǃ | ǂ | ǁ |
ʍ | ʡ | ʬ | ¡ | w | ɕ |
ʭ | ǃ¡ | ɥ | ʑ | ʪ | ʜ |
ɺ | ʫ | ʢ | ɧ | ʩ |
◌̩ Syllabic | ◌ʰ Aspirated | ◌˭ Unaspirated | ◌ʼ Ejective | ◌͡ Affricate or double articulation | ◌͜ Affricate or double articulation | ||
◌̃ Nasalized | ◌ʷ Labialized | ◌ʲ Palatalized | ◌ˠ Velarized | ◌̴ Velarized or pharyngealized | ◌ˤ Pharyngealized | ||
◌̥ Voiceless | ˬ Voicing | ◌̬ Voiced | ◌̤ Breathy voiced | ◌̰ Creaky voiced | |||
◌˔ Raised | ◌̝ Raised | ◌˕ Lowered | ◌̞ Lowered | ◌͆ Dentolabial | ◌̼ Linguolabial | ◌͍ Labial spreading | |
◌̪ Dental | ◌͇ Alveolar | ◌̺ Apical | ◌̻ Laminal | ◌̪͆ Interdental/bidental | |||
◌̚ No audible release | ◌ˡ Lateral release | ◌ⁿ Nasal release | ◌͋ Nasal escape | ◌͊ Denasal | ◌͌ Velopharyngeal friction |
Tones and Word Accents | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
◌̋ | ˥ | ◌̌ | ↓ | ||||
◌́ | ˦ | ◌̂ | ↑ | ||||
◌̄ | ˧ | ◌᷄ | ↗ | ||||
◌̀ | ˨ | ◌᷅ | ↘ | ||||
◌̏ | ˩ | ◌᷈ |
Vowels
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Diacritics
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